"In the preservation of monuments, there is no cleaning for purely aesthetic reasons."

Mr. Lienerth, the term 'monument' makes many people think first of statues.

Lienerth:Monuments to persons or buildings that commemorate a certain event are only one type of monument. There are other works that bear witness to an earlier culture. These may be works of art, building monuments or even historical excavations – so-called ground monuments. But not everything that is old is automatically a monument. Only if its preservation is considered to be in the public interest is it given historic monument status.

Who decides which monuments are worthy of protection?

Schrem:There are comprehensive and very complicated international, national and country-specific legal bases for monument protection. There is an international Convention on the Protection of Cultural and Natural Heritage, which was adopted in 1972 by the General Conference of UNESCO. The guidelines specify exactly how the world heritage convention should be implemented in practice.

MÖWES：在这种情况下，纪念碑分类的标准很大程度地变化。但是，有一致意见只是古老，美丽是不够的。

Lienerth:纪念碑必须反映历史和/或对某些文化领域具有重要意义 - 例如艺术，地方历史，城市发展或技术。每座纪念碑都是社会的身份和文化发展的一部分 - 顺便提一下，不仅是纪念碑保护的身份。保存我们过去的这些痕迹很重要。

But society does not show such unlimited appreciation for all monuments.

Schrem:The value of a monument is frequently perceived differently within society. Some, for example castles and churches, but also other historic buildings, are undisputedly valuable and thus worthy of preservation in the eyes of most people. For others, their value is not immediately apparent to the layman. This applies, for example, to the modern monuments made of plain concrete from the 1950s, which are increasingly coming into the focus of monument preservation. And others, often monuments to a person or such that commemorate certain events, give rise to understandably conflicting feelings in the course of time. Sometimes also the right to exist of a specific monument is called into question. But even traces of the Reformation iconoclasm, sprayed graffiti or the lonely base of a toppled statue are ultimately part of the history of monuments.

MÖWES：同时,在国际上经常有不同的订单ints of view about monuments. In Germany, for example, restoration is carried out very carefully. The substance should be preserved as close to the original as possible. So an old castle has to remain an old castle. In Japan this is not seen so strictly. There, a monument is still valuable if, for example after being destroyed, it is rebuilt like the original. In Japan it is more a question of being a place of remembrance. The new monument placed in the same position can also be a replica.

What is the decision based on as to how much original substance is to be preserved?

Lienerth:在我们的工作中，我们必须总是大量的干扰太多，多少合理。原则上，在保存纪念碑时，纯粹的美学原因没有清洁。它总是关于保存本身。因此，完全返回原始状态甚至可以快速击打一些观察者作为人为。

MÖWES：有时，例如，铜绿或表面生长绝对被视为整个集合的一部分，并且不被视为污染。想想老墓地，以这种方式发展他们的特殊魔法。我们仔细地进行，才能删除毁灭性增长。正是在这种情况下，它还偿还了我们不会用杀生物剂或其他侵略性方法清洁，而是用水。

How important is cleaning in restoration?

Lienerth:Cleaning is essential for preservation. But with sensitive surfaces, for example soft brick or wood, it always means stress for the substance. Also when removing paint layers, which are usually very common, we must proceed with caution. Here, we feel our way carefully by cleaning sample surfaces.

MÖWES：We naturally see our part of the cleaning work as a part of the overall restoration. However, our part often comes first, as in many cases it is only possible to identify any damage after an object has been cleaned. Nevertheless, the cleaning often has a major effect on the perception of an object and can also contribute to its preservation, as most types of dirt and pollution have a damaging effect on the substance.

你能给个例子吗？

MÖWES：For example, when I think of the cleaning of the弗兰肯亚喷泉in Würzburg, what I mean becomes especially clear. Here, on account of the thick limestone layers on the figures, somebody not involved could get the impression that they are made of stone. Only after our cleaning technology had been applied to remove the limestone layers did the bronze again become clearly visible, the figures' appearance was then completely changed and the fountain has since been perceived in a very different light. And the subsequent restoration and preservation work on the fountain would hardly have been possible without the cleaning and removal of the thick limestone layers.

And what would be an example of the preservation of a monument?

MÖWES：另一个好的例子是Memnon的Colossi在埃及，我们几年前清洁了。由于在几个世纪以来形成的污垢稳定的污垢结壳，因此巨蟹座被盐爆发严重危及。首先，我们能够去除损坏石头的污垢层，从而防止纪念碑的进一步衰减。其次，令人惊讶的是，甚至发现了原来的涂料的遗骸，然后我们仔细发现了，而不会损坏他们。

Is a restored or cleaned monument perceived differently by society?

Lienerth:执行恢复后，公众对纪念碑的认识总是增加。如果我们经过30多年后改变历史建筑的外观，因为我们发现它最初是米色而不是黄色，洽谈总是随之而来的。通常不仅与负责城市管理或保存纪念碑的人，或与所有者以及公众的人。关于纪念碑保存，我们必须做大量的调解工作。我们必须解释我们正在做的事情以及为什么，并得到所有人都参与船上。

MÖWES：纪念碑的保存和外观对人们很重要。我们可以看到从我们收到的清洁请求的数量。从小村喷泉到了statue of Christ the Redeemer in Rio de Janeiro。我们试图帮助每个人。有时通过贷款设备，有时通过负责整个工作。例如，在我们清洁合唱团的墙壁之后Ulm Minsterwith our vacuum cleaners, underneath the layers of dust a much brighter and more pleasant wall colour appeared, which the parishioners and visitors were pleased to note. It was the same when we removed the black coating from theNoon Gate在越南的前皇室居住。突然，下面的红砖再次清晰可见。

您如何看待您在社会中的工作的重要性？

Lienerth:幸运的是，人们了解维护和恢复的必要性。几乎没有任何社会运动，这些纪念品保存所需的钱。有一致认为，这是重要的，应该是国家保护和维护我们的文化遗产的责任。

Schrem:“开放纪念碑的日子”或“青年和纪念碑”等事件是有帮助的。然后，参观者可以深入了解纪念碑保存，这增加了对我们工作的理解。更重要的是，他们发现了纪念碑的背景，历史。只有这些知识，他们就可以发现纪念碑的价值。

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